Acevedo 1991b: "Resultados electorales por partido (1982-1991)" (page 162). Gives by party the number and percent of votes received in the elections of 1982, 1984 (first round), 1985, 1988, 1989, and 1991.

Acevedo 1994: "Resultados electorales por partido (1982-1994)" (page 210). Gives the number of votes won by each party in the elections of 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1991, and 1994.

Alcántara Sáez 1994: "El Salvador: evolución de los resultados electorales presidenciales 1984-1994" (page 168). Gives for 1984 (first and second rounds), 1989, and 1994 (first and second rounds) the percent of vote for ARENA, PDC, PCN, CD, and CD-FMLN-MNR. "El Salvador: evolución de la composición de la Asamblea Nacional" (page 172). Gives for 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994 the number of seats held by PDC, ARENA, PCN, FMLN, CD, and "otros." "El Salvador: evolución del número de concejos gobernados pos los principales partidos" (page 176). Gives for 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994 the number of municipal councils won by ARENA, PCN, PDC, FMLN, and "otros."

Baloyra 1982: "Contemporary presidential races in El Salvador" (page 189). Gives year, candidate and party with percent of vote, and opposition with percent of vote.

Baloyra 1993: "Municipalities without elections, voting precincts and number of ballot boxes, 1982-1991" (page 10). Gives by year and type of election the number of municipalities without elections and the total number of voting precincts and ballot boxes in these. "Voting turnout in Salvadoran elections, 1982-1991 (absolute figures in millions)" (page 11). Gives by date and type of election the voters registered, those with the electoral identification, the number of ballots printed, and the voting turnout. "Voting intention and measures of turnout, 1982-1991" (page 13). "Non-indicative participation in recent Salvadoran election" (page 16). Gives year (1982-1991), type of election, votes cast, null votes, blank votes, votes challenged, and total and percent these constitute of all votes cast. "Party votes in recent elections in El Salvador (percentages in parentheses)" (page 23). Gives year (1982-1991), votes and percent of vote by party, and total valid votes.

Baloyra-Herp 1995: "Voting turnout in Salvadoran elections, 1982-1991" (page 50). Gives year, type of election, registered voters, voters with "carnets," voter turnout, voting booths, and voting precincts. "Nonindicative participation in recent Salvadoran election" (page 53). Gives year (1982-1994), type of election, votes cast, null votes, blank votes, votes challenged, and total and percent these constitute of all votes cast. "Party votes and percentages in recent elections in El Salvador" (page 54). Gives year (1982-1994), votes and percent of vote by party, and total valid votes.

Benítez Manaut 1990: "Las elecciones para presidente eran para periodos de seis años, y en la constitución de 1961 se modificó a cinco años, con posibilidad de reelección. Hasta la actual constitución de 1983, las elecciones legislativas eran cada dos años y después de la constitución de 1983 se modifica este periodo a tres...Las elecciones municipales, hasta 1983, se celebraban cada dos años...Después de 1983 son electos los alcaldes cada tres años" (page 72). "Elecciones en la década de los ochenta. Total de votos válidos" (page 89). "Votos para ARENA en los ochenta" (page 90). "Votos para el PDC en los ochenta" (page 90).

Bland 1992: "The coup...led by a caudillo and often supported by a faction of the landed elite, was the primary means of transferring power from the mid-1800s into the early twentieth century. From then on, the presidency was passed from one dominant family clan to another. The first three decades of the century thus witnessed fewer coups and longer presidential terms" (page 166).

Bowdler 1974: Tables on 1964-1972 elections include 1) "Percentages of voting age population registered, by department" (page 33); 2) "Percentages of registered voters who voted, by department" (page 38); 3) "Percentages of voting age population registered and of registered voters who voted in the coastal and mountain departments" (page 44); 4) "Percentages of voting age population registered voters who voted in the western and eastern departments" (page 49); 5) "Percentages of voting age population registered and of registered voters who voted in the central departments compared to the western and eastern" (page 53); 6) "Percentages of voting age population registered and of registered voters who voted in the eastern departments compared to the central and western" (page 56); 7) "Differences in percentages of voting age population registered, by department" (page 63); 8) "Differences in percentages of registered voters who voted, by department" (page 64); 9) "Order of departments showing increases in registration and voting percentage" (page 69); 10) "Differences in percentages in voting age population registered, 1967 and 1972 presidential elections" (page 73); 11) "Difference in percentages in registered voters who voted, 1967 and 1972 presidential elections" (page 74); 12) "Nationwide totals in numbers involved, 1967 and 1972 elections" (page 75); 13) "Differences in percentages of voting age population registered, by department, in the legislative-municipal elections of 1966, 1968 and the presidential election of 1967" (page 81); 14) "Differences in percentages of registered voters who voted, by department, in the legislative-municipal elections of 1966, 1968, and the presidential election of 1967" (page 83); 15) "Differences in percentages of voting age population registered and registered voters who voted in the 1968 and 1970 legislative-municipal elections" (page 88); appendix V) "Voter registration and total votes cast by department, 1964-1966" (page 169); appendix VI) "Voter registration and total votes cast by department , 1966 and 1967" (page 170); and appendix VII) "Voter registration and total votes cast by department, 1968 and 1970" (page 171).

Caldera T. 1983: "El P.D.C. en las distintas elecciones 1964-1984" (page 46). Gives date of election, total votes cast, and votes for PDC.

Central America report March 31, 1989: "El Salvador: election results 1982-1989" (page 90). Gives number of votes and percent of vote for PDC, ARENA, PCN, CD, and "other" for elections in 1982, 1984, and 1989. Gives numbers of void ballots, valid ballots, and total votes cast.

Córdova Macías 1989: "Total de votos válidos. Elecciones en la década de los ochenta" (page 96). Gives number of valid votes cast in elections of 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, and 1989. "Votos válidos por ARENA. Década de los ochenta" (page 97). Gives number of valid votes cast in elections of 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, and 1989 and percent they constitute of total valid votes. "Votos válidos por PDC. Década de los ochenta" (page 98). Gives number of valid votes cast in elections of 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, and 1989 and percent they constitute of total valid votes. "Votos válidos por PCN. Década de los ochenta" (page 98). Gives number of valid votes cast in elections of 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, and 1989 and percent they constitute of total valid votes. "Votos nulos, década de los ochenta" (page 99). Gives number of null votes cast in elections of 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, and 1989.

Córdova Macías 1992: "Resultados electorales por partido (1982-1989)" (page 559). Gives date and type of election, number and percent of vote for each party, total valid votes, and number of registered voters.

Córdova Macías 1992a: Includes many graphs charting the results of elections from 1982-1989 (pages 160, 163, 164).

Córdova Macías 1994: "Distribución del número de diputados por partido político, en las legislaturas elegidas en 1991 y 1994" (page 39).

Córdova Macías 1998: "El Salvador: electoral results by party, 1982-1994" (page 145). Gives for each election the number of votes and percent of total votes received by each party and the total valid votes cast in the election. "Number of seats and percentage of votes by party, 1991 and 1994" (page 146). "Number of municipal councils by party in the elections of 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994" (page 149). "Differences in votes between legislative and municipal elections, 1985-1994" (page 151). Gives by year of election the "total valid votes in legislative elections," the "total valid votes in municipal elections," and the "difference in votes (municipal minus legislative)."

Country report. Guatemala, El Salvador 1994. 2: "Congressional results (seats)" (page 26). Gives for congressional elections of 1991 and 1994 the seats won by each party.

Danby 1982: "Salvadoran governments 1927-1982" (page 7).

Dunkerley 1994: "Central American elections--synoptic results, 1987-1993. El Salvador" (page 148). For 1988 election gives abstention rate and for ARENA, PDC, and PCN gives votes, percent of vote, and seats won. For 1989 election gives abstention rate and top four candidates and the number/percent of votes they received. For 1991 election gives abstention rate and for six parties gives votes, percent of vote, and seats won.

Eguizábal 1984: "Hasta 1963, el sistema electoral vigente en las elecciones legislativas aplicaba la fórmula mayoritaria de lista, en el que el partido ganador en cada departamento obtenía la totalidad de la representación (9 diputados en San Salvador y un número menor en cada uno de los otros trece departamentos). En las presidenciales, si el candidato ganador no obtenía la mitad más uno de los votos la decisión final correspondía a la Asamblea Legislativa" (page 19). "El Salvador: elecciones presidenciales (1950-1977) (cifras absolutas y porcentajes)" (page 22). El Salvador: elecciones legislativas 1964-1982" (page 26). For each election gives number of registered voters, total votes cast, and votes for each party.

El Salvador, año político 1971-72 1973: "Mapas comparativos a nivel departamental de las elecciones presidenciales de 1967 y 1972" (pages 89-92). Divides the country into three zones and presents graphically the differences in voting patterns between the 1967 and 1972 presidential elections.

El Salvador: elections 1994: "Results of elections by party and year" (page 37). For the congressional and presidential elections from 1982-1994 gives by party the number and percent of votes won and then gives the number and percent of valid and null votes in each election.

FLACSO 1995: "Número de votantes registrados y carnetizados 1985-1994" (page 37). "Variación de número de electores por departamento entre 1992 y 1994" (page 38). "Población inscrita en el padrón electoral por departamento (porcentajes)" (page 39). Percent of the vote received by the PCN from 1982-1991 (page 57). Percent of the votes received by ARENA from 1982-1991 (pages 62-63). "Resultados electorales elecciones presidenciales y legislativas" (page 174). Gives for the elections of 1985-1994 (separating statistics for presidential and congressional elections) the valid votes, invalid votes, and total votes cast. "Resultados electorales de las elecciones presidenciales y legislativas: votos válidos por partido político" (page 175).

Goodman 1992: "Chief executive succession, El Salvador" (page 374). Covers 1944-1989. "National political parties" (page 374). Gives acronym and English name. "Legislative assembly elections, El Salvador, 1985-91" (page 375). Gives party, date of election, and seats won in each.

Gordon 1989: "Desarrollo del sistema de partidos Salvadoreño 1950-1968" (page 94). Gives year, number of parties, seats held by majority party in congress, and mayoralties controlled by the majority party. "Voto para la asamblea nacional en el departamento de San Salvador 1961-1968 (porcentajes)" (page 97). Gives percent of vote won by PCN, PDC, PAR, MNR, and PPS. "Votos válidos por elección y por partido (1964-1972)" (page 101). Gives total number of valid votes and number of votes won by PCN, PDC, MNR, IDN, PAR, PREN, PPS, and FUDI. "Diputados y concejos municipales por partido 1972-1976" (page 138). Gives number of seats and mayoralties won by PCN, UNO, PPS, and FUDI.

Gordon 1990: "Resultados de las elecciones de 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988" (page 316). For each year gives for ARENA, PDC, PCN, and "otros partidos" the number and percent of votes won, and the total valid votes cast in each election. Gives total votes for PDC and ARENA in the second round of the presidential elections. "Resultados electorales de 1988 y 1989" (page 327). Gives for ARENA, PDC, PCN, and "otros partidos" the number and percent of votes won, the total valid votes, total invalid votes, and total votes cast.

Gorvin 1989: "Seats won in congressional elections 1982-88" (page 96). Arranged by party.

ICSPS El Salvador 1967: "Geographic distribution of the electorate by department, 1964 and 1966" (page 15). Gives for each department the percent of population (of country), number registered, votes cast, percent of total votes cast (in country), and votes cast as percent of registered (in department).

Lazo 1992: "Diputados electos por partido (elecciones durante la guerra)" (page 48). Gives by party the seats won in elections from 1982-1991. Shows reassignment of seats after coalitions/parties split after the elections. "Votos por partido político (elecciones en guerra)" (page 99). Shows number and percent of votes for each party in elections from 1982 to 1991.

Lazo 1993: "Votos por partido y promedios de votos por diputado (1988 y 1991)" (page 8). "Cocientes electorales que se requieren por cada circunscripción electoral (en porcentajes)" (page 9).

López Vallecillos 1981: "Constantes históricas del sistema político de El Salvador (1918-1981)" (pages 504-512). Table gives date, president/junta, reforms instituted, repression (including electoral fraud and outlawing of specific political parties), "hegemonía y predominio de clase," and type of government.

Lungo Uclés 1996: "Electoral results by party, 1982-1989" (page 131). Gives by party the number and percent of votes received in the elections of 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, and 1989. "Votes according to categories, 1982-1989" (page 132). Gives for each election the number of valid, contested, and null votes, the number of abstentions, and the total votes cast.

McDonald 1969: "Party representation in Salvadorean national assembly" (page 406). Gives for elections from 1950-1968 the number of seats won by each party. "National registration, participation, and party voting in 1964, 1966, 1967, and 1968 Salvadorean elections" (page 409). Gives percent of vote for PCN, PDC, PAR, PPS, and "other." "Departmental registration in Salvador for elections of 1964, 1966, and 1967 by percentage eligible" (page 410). "Departmental voting participation in Salvador for elections of 1964, 1966, and 1967: percentage of registered participating" (page 411). "Comparison of increased participation and PCN vote in eastern region" (page 413). Compares 1966 and 1967 elections. "Comparative party voting trends by department, 1964-1968, in percent" (page 414). Compares PCN, PDC, and "other."

McDonald 1989: "El Salvador: election returns by party, 1982-1988" (page 301). Gives type of election, date, percent of vote, and seats (for congressional elections).

Montes 1986: "Votos en 1982, 1984, y 1985" (page 292). Gives number of votes for PDC, ARENA and PDC in each election and percent they constitute of total votes.

Montgomery 1995: "Christian Democratic Party electoral results in municipal and National Assembly elections, 1964-1976 (based on official government figures)" (page 55). Gives for each election the seats won, mayors elected, and percent of popular vote. "Electoral results for major parties, 1982-1984" (page 161). Gives party, and number and percent of valid votes cast for each party.

Mujeres 1995: "Mujeres electas en las elecciones de 1994 y 1991" (page 29). Gives for each election the number and percent of women elected to congress and mayorships from ARENA, FMLN, PDC, PCN, CD, and MU.

Munro 1967: "Except where a successful revolution intervenes, the presidency is passed on by each incumbent to a successor of his own choosing, and all of the other nominally elective offices are filled in accordance with the wishes of the administration, since the authorities control the elections by preventing the nomination of opposition candidates and by exerting pressure on the voters" (page 107).

Nohlen 1993a, 1993b: Electoral information and tables (1993a pages 307-330; 1993b pages 321-347). 2.1) "Evolution of the electorate 1931-1991" gives year, type of elections, population, registered voters (total number and percent of population) and voters (total number, percent of registered voters, and percent of population). 2.2) "Abbreviations of parties and coalitions." 2.3) "Electoral participation of parties and coalitions 1950-1991" gives party, dates of participation, and the numbers of elections for president and Congress in which they participated. 2.4) "Dates of national elections, plebiscites, and institutional interruptions 1931-1991" includes presidential, congressional, and Constituent Assembly elections. 2.5) "Elections for Constituent Assembly 1950, 1961, and 1982" has two parts: a) gives total and percent of registered voters, voters, blank, null, and valid votes and b) gives by party number of votes and percent of total vote, seats won and percent of total seats. 2.6) "Congressional elections 1952-1991 (total numbers)" gives by year registered voters, voters, blank, null, and valid votes and total votes received by each party. 2.7) "Congressional elections 1952-1991 (percentages)" gives the percent of registered voters who voted, the percent of blank, null, and valid votes and the percent of votes received by each party. 2.8) "Composition of Congress 1952-1991" gives by year the total seats and the number and percent of seats held by each party. 2.9) "Presidential elections 1931-1989" gives by year a) the registered voters, the percent who voted, blank, null, and valid votes and b) candidates/parties with their total votes and percent of vote. 2.10) "List of national leaders (presidents, juntas, dictators, generals, etc.) 1898-1991" gives names, dates, and observations on how they came to power and details on electoral issues in their regimes.

Ruddle 1972: Presidential elections, 1946-1972 (page 86). Gives date, candidate, votes, and percent of vote. Congressional elections, 1956-1970 (pages 86-87). Gives date, party, votes, and percent of vote. For 1966-1970 gives number and percent of null vote.

Seligson 1995a: "Distribución del número de diputados por partido político, en las legislaturas elegidas en 1991 y 1994" (page 68).

Stahler-Sholk 1994: "Legislative & presidential election results, main parties only, 1982-1994 (total votes, % abstention, and % distribution of valid votes by party)" (page 27).

Statistical abstract of Latin America 1968: "Presidential and legislative election results" (page 172). Gives for elections from 1950-1966 for presidential elections the date of the election, total vote, and number and percent of votes for major candidates; and for congressional elections the number and percent of votes for major parties.

Trujillo 1994: "PDC: apoyo electoral recibido (%) 1988-1994" (page 66). Gives percent of vote received in presidential, congressional, and mayoral elections. "ARENA: apoyo electoral recibido (%) 1988-1994" (page 69). Gives percent of vote received in presidential, congressional, and mayoral elections.

Vanhanen 1975, 1979, 1990: Results of presidential elections, 1850-1972 (1975 pages 179-183; 1979 pages 232-233)1982-1984 (1990 page 207). Gives year, elected presidential candidate, votes received, percent of the total votes, total votes, and percent of the total population who voted.

Vidal 1970: "Cuadro sinóptico de los gobernantes de El Salvador" (pages 384-395). Covers the period from September 21, 1821 to October 7, 1970 and gives position ("jefe político," "jefe militar y civil," "jefe supremo," "senador," "consejero," "primer designado," "presidente," etc.), name, exact dates occupying the position, and the place of birth of each. "Duración del periodo de los gobernantes salvadoreños" (pages 396-398). Gives name of leader and time in power, ranging from eleven years to two days. "Cuadro sinóptico de las fechas en que principiaron el mando los gobernantes salvadoreños" (pages 399-403). Arranged in chronological order, beginning with September 21, 1821.

Zamora 1995: "Resultados porcentuales de elecciones a asamblea legislativo y partido 1952-1994" (page 41). Gives percent of vote for ruling party and for principal opposition party. "Composición de votos COPAZ" (page 52). Gives number of representatives from each party. "Elecciones presidenciales 1989 and 1994" (page 56). Gives number and percent of votes for major parties. "Votos obtenidos por el PDC 1982-94" (page 59). Gives type of election, year, number and percent of votes.

Zamora 1997: "The PDC won clear electoral majorities in 1984 and 1985; these, however, were followed by Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) majorities in 1988 and 1989. The 1991 legislative elections produced different results: the ruling party lost its legislative majority but the opposition parties still did not earn a majority, thereby consolidating a political impasse as well" (page 172).